Conscription
Linch, Kevin
Central Europe
Southern Europe
Northern Europe
Eastern Europe
Western Europe
Military
343
355
Throughout European history monarchs, states, and governments have claimed the right to select men and force them to serve in the military. Modern conscription, whereby all the young men (and later sometimes also women) under the jurisdiction of a state were liable for military service and a selection of them was taken into the armed forces each year, emerged in France in 1798 with the "loi Jourdan" during the French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1801). This article explores the ideas about conscription, and their communication and introduction across Europe during and after the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815), as well as discussing its history afterwards.
IEG(http://www.ieg-mainz.de)
Lisa Landes
Peter H. Wilson
2012-01-30
Text
text/html
/de/threads/buendnisse-und-kriege/krieg-als-motor-des-transfers/conscription/kevin-linch-conscription
urn:nbn:de:0159-2011121234
EGO(http://www.ieg-ego.eu)
en
1750-1870
Central Europe
Southern Europe
Northern Europe
Eastern Europe
Western Europe
CC by-nc-nd Kevin Linch
Conscription
Linch, Kevin
Central Europe
Southern Europe
Northern Europe
Eastern Europe
Western Europe
Military
343
355
Throughout European history monarchs, states, and governments have claimed the right to select men and force them to serve in the military. Modern conscription, whereby all the young men (and later sometimes also women) under the jurisdiction of a state were liable for military service and a selection of them was taken into the armed forces each year, emerged in France in 1798 with the "loi Jourdan" during the French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1801). This article explores the ideas about conscription, and their communication and introduction across Europe during and after the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815), as well as discussing its history afterwards.
IEG(http://www.ieg-mainz.de)
Lisa Landes
Peter H. Wilson
2012-01-30
Text
text/html
/en/threads/alliances-and-wars/war-as-an-agent-of-transfer/conscription/kevin-linch-conscription
urn:nbn:de:0159-2011121234
EGO(http://www.ieg-ego.eu)
en
1750-1870
Central Europe
Southern Europe
Northern Europe
Eastern Europe
Western Europe
CC by-nc-nd Kevin Linch
Levée en Masse
Caiani, Ambrogio A.
Central Europe
Balkan Peninsula
Southern Europe
Northern Europe
Eastern Europe
Western Europe
Military
Politics
Social Matters, Society
343
355
When faced, in 1793, with the prospect of defeat, the National Convention issued an appeal for a levée en masse, which, theoretically, placed the entire population at the disposal of France's war machine. Thus was born the modern idea of the nation in arms. This concept has proved to have an enduring legacy, and has been adapted to suit a wide variety of contexts and time periods. This article explores the birth, development and transmission of the levée en masse. It seeks to understand why the concept survived beyond the 1790s and how it remained a compelling instrument of mass mobilisation in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
IEG(http://www.ieg-mainz.de)
Jennifer Willenberg
Peter H. Wilson
2010-12-03
Text
text/html
/en/threads/alliances-and-wars/war-as-an-agent-of-transfer/conscription/ambrogio-a-caiani-levee-en-masse
urn:nbn:de:0159-20100921155
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/692301387
EGO(http://www.ieg-ego.eu)
en
1793-1914
Central Europe
Balkan Peninsula
Southern Europe
Northern Europe
Eastern Europe
Western Europe
CC by-nc-nd Ambrogio A. Caiani
Levée en Masse
Caiani, Ambrogio A.
Central Europe
Balkan Peninsula
Southern Europe
Northern Europe
Eastern Europe
Western Europe
Military
Politics
Social Matters, Society
343
355
Angesichts der drohenden Niederlage rief der Nationalkonvent 1793 die levée en masse aus, eine militärische Massenaushebung, die theoretisch die gesamte Bevölkerung der französischen Kriegsmaschinerie zur Verfügung stellte. Es war die Geburtsstunde der modernen Idee einer bewaffneten Nation. Dieses Konzept hat ein lange fortdauerndes Erbe begründet und ist vielfach variiert in ganz unterschiedlichen Zusammenhängen und Zeiten zur Anwendung gekommen. Dieser Artikel untersucht Entstehung, Entwicklung und Verbreitung der levée en masse. Er versucht nachzuvollziehen, wieso das Konzept über die 1790er Jahre hinaus überlebt hat und wie es zu einem Instrument der Massenmobilisierung wurde, dem noch im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert eine entscheidende Bedeutung zukam und -kommt.
IEG(http://www.ieg-mainz.de)
Jennifer Willenberg
Peter H. Wilson
Sophie Hellgardt
2010-12-03
Text
text/html
/de/threads/buendnisse-und-kriege/krieg-als-motor-des-transfers/conscription/ambrogio-a-caiani-levee-en-masse
urn:nbn:de:0159-20100921163
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/692301386
EGO(http://www.ieg-ego.eu)
de
1793-1914
Central Europe
Balkan Peninsula
Southern Europe
Northern Europe
Eastern Europe
Western Europe
CC by-nc-nd Ambrogio A. Caiani
Barracks and Conscription: Civil-Military Relations in Europe from 1500
Childs, John
Central Europe
Southern Europe
Northern Europe
Eastern Europe
Western Europe
Military
343
355
To operate efficiently, armed forces require physical separation from civilian society, achieved usually through the employment of mercenaries, conscription and the provision of discrete military accommodation. War became more "popular" during the religious conflicts between 1520 and 1648 diluting civil-military distinctions but the advent of regular, uniformed, professional armies in the second half of the 17th century re-established clearer segregation. The adoption of compulsory, male, military service during the 19th and 20th centuries again brought the military and the civil into closer contact. Since 1991 small, professional, more cost-effective forces have gradually replaced mass conscript armies thus re-sharpening the civil-military divide.
IEG(http://www.ieg-mainz.de)
Jennifer Willenberg
Peter H. Wilson
2011-08-01
Text
text/html
/en/threads/alliances-and-wars/war-as-an-agent-of-transfer/john-childs-barracks-and-conscription-civil-military-relations-in-europe-from-1500
urn:nbn:de:0159-2011072006
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/745993136
EGO(http://www.ieg-ego.eu)
en
1500-1870
Central Europe
Southern Europe
Northern Europe
Eastern Europe
Western Europe
John Childs
Barracks and Conscription: Civil-Military Relations in Europe from 1500
Childs, John
Central Europe
Southern Europe
Northern Europe
Eastern Europe
Western Europe
Military
343
355
To operate efficiently, armed forces require physical separation from civilian society, achieved usually through the employment of mercenaries, conscription and the provision of discrete military accommodation. War became more "popular" during the religious conflicts between 1520 and 1648 diluting civil-military distinctions but the advent of regular, uniformed, professional armies in the second half of the 17th century re-established clearer segregation. The adoption of compulsory, male, military service during the 19th and 20th centuries again brought the military and the civil into closer contact. Since 1991 small, professional, more cost-effective forces have gradually replaced mass conscript armies thus re-sharpening the civil-military divide.
IEG(http://www.ieg-mainz.de)
Jennifer Willenberg
Peter H. Wilson
2011-08-01
Text
text/html
/de/threads/buendnisse-und-kriege/krieg-als-motor-des-transfers/copy_of_john-childs-barracks-and-conscription-civil-military-relations-in-europe-from-1500
urn:nbn:de:0159-2011072006
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/745993136
EGO(http://www.ieg-ego.eu)
en
1500-1870
Central Europe
Southern Europe
Northern Europe
Eastern Europe
Western Europe
John Childs
The French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars
Schneid, Frederik C.
Central Europe
Southern Europe
Eastern Europe
Western Europe
Military
Politics
341
343
355
944
The French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars represented continuity in European diplomacy from the eighteenth to the nineteenth century, but witnessed considerable change in the way that war was waged. The influence of Revolutionary and Napoleonic France depended on the nature of its relationship with the other European states. Satellite states were transformed considerably, whereas allied and client states experienced only a degree of ideological and practical transformation. French territorial objectives from 1792 to 1807 followed a relatively traditional pattern, seeking either direct or indirect influence in central Europe and the Italian states. The eventual response to Napoleonic hegemony was the understanding that cooperative efforts outweighed individual interests in order to bring the wars to a conclusion. The result was victory over Napoleon and the creation of a new diplomatic system that incorporated individual interest into a balance-of-power system.
IEG(http://www.ieg-mainz.de)
Lisa Landes
Peter Wilson
2011-01-27
Text
text/html
/en/threads/alliances-and-wars/war-as-an-agent-of-transfer/frederick-c-schneid-the-french-revolutionary-and-napoleonic-wars
urn:nbn:de:0159-20101025334
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/699794602
EGO(http://www.ieg-ego.eu)
en
1792-1815
Central Europe
Southern Europe
Eastern Europe
Western Europe
© Frederick C. Schneid