Rudolf II (1552–1612) was Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (1576–1612), King of Bohemia (1575–1611), King of Hungary (1572–1608) and Archduke of Austria (1576–1608). Although he was perceived as a weak ruler overall, he is recognized for his great support of the arts and sciences, contributing to the cultural flourishing of his time. The long Turkish war and the Gregorian calendar reform took place during his reign.
Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II, bronze bust, 112 cm x 70 cm x 41 cm, 1603, artist: Adriaen de Vries; source: KHM-Museumsverband, Inventarnummer 5506 Kunstkammer, https://www.khm.at/de/object/91513/, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Deed Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.en.