From 1526, the Ottomans and the Habsburgs fought for supremacy in Hungary. During this hegemonic conflict, Ottoman troops advanced in the autumn of 1529 to Vienna and laid siege to the city. In the face of Habsburg resistance, logistical difficulties and the looming winter, they were forced to withdraw with heavy losses. Despite the success of the defenders of the city, the siege of Vienna enhanced fears of the Ottoman Empire in Europe.
Hans Guldenmundt (died 1560), Contrafactur, wie der Turck Wien belagert, lithograph, after a woodcut, 1869; source: Deutsche Fotothek und Kartensammlung, Inv. No. SLUB/KS B1015-B1016, https://www.deutschefotothek.de/documents/obj/90008884, SLUB Dresden.