William I of England (1028–1087) claimed the throne of England in 1066 after he and his Norman army had defeated the army of the Anglo-Saxon king Harold Godwinson (1022–1066), who was killed in the Battle of Stamford Bridge. William collected a large volume of information about his subjects and their landownership in the so-called Domesday Book.
William I of England (1028–1087), tapestry, 1885, unknown artist; image source: Victorian Copy of the Bayeux Tapestry, © Reading Museum (Reading Borough Council), https://www.readingmuseum.org.uk/harold-makes-solemn-oath.